Non-defining relative clauses give non-essential, extra information about something or someone.ĪLWAYS use a comma before and immediately after the clause. The gorillas which/that lived nearby were completely obliterated as a result of deforestation. The woman who showed the most determination got the job. NO commas at the beginning or end of a defining relative clause! The relative clause follows immediately after the noun referring to the person(s) or thing(s) we are talking about. If the technology were to become available, we would be able to travel across the world in just a couple of hours.ĭefining and non-defining relative clauses, relative pronouns Defining relative clauses give essential information so that we can identify who or what is being talked about. Use if + was/were + to + infinitive to talk about imaginary future situations. If it had not been for the investigative journalist, the politicians would have never gone to jail. If it hadn’t been for the tour guide, they would never have seen those carvings in the caves. We can use If it was/were not for or had not been for to say that one situation is dependent on another situation or person. Should you require any further information, do not hesitate to contact me. In this tutorial, we will specifically be looking at higher-level vocabulary mainly focused around band 8.Īlternative complex conditional structures Replace if with should at the beginning of the clause, particularly in very formal English (formal letters). In this part two of The Essentials for IELTS Grammar 2020, we will be giving you examples, explanations, and how you can use these structures in your IELTS essay.
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